Mode-division multiplexers (MDMUXs) play a pivotal role in enabling the manipulation of an arbitrary optical state within few-mode fibers, offering extensive utility in the fields of mode-division multiplexing and structured optical field engineering. The exploration of MDMUXs employing cascaded resonant couplers has garnered significant attention owing to their scalability, exceptional integration capabilities, and the anticipated low insertion loss. In this work, we present the successful realization of high-quality orbital angular momentum MDMUX corresponding to topological charges 0, ±1, and ±2, achieved through the utilization of cascaded fused-biconical tapered couplers. Notably, the measured insertion losses at 1550 nm exhibit remarkable minimal values: 0.31, 0.10, and 0.64 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the 80% efficiency bandwidths exceed 106, 174, and 174 nm for these respective modes. The MDMUX is composed of precision-manufactured high-quality mode selective couplers (MSCs). Utilizing a proposed supermode propagation method based on mode composition analysis, we precisely describe the operational characteristics of MSCs. Building upon this comprehensive understanding, we embark on a pioneering analysis elucidating the influence of MSC cascading order on the performance of MDMUXs. Our theoretical investigation substantiates that when constructing MDMUXs, MSCs should adhere to a specific cascading sequence.

为了满足惯性传感器地面弱力测量系统的超高温度稳定性要求，对整个系统进行了热设计。首先，介绍了惯性传感器地面弱力测量系统的结构、敏感结构传热路径和内部热源。其次，根据系统热控指标要求，提出了采用三级热控结构和比例积分微分(PID)控制算法相结合的高精度热控方式，减少温度噪声对惯性传感器探测灵敏度的影响。然后，采用UG/NX软件建立有限元模型，并进行了不同工况条件下的热分析计算，得到了惯性传感器地面弱力测量系统在时域上达到平衡后的温度变化值为(1.2~1.6) ×10⁻⁵ K。最后，将惯性传感器地面弱力测量系统在时域上的温度分布在频域上进行描述，得到惯性传感器敏感结构的温度稳定性结果。分析结果表明，在当前热控措施下，惯性传感器敏感结构的温度稳定性均优于10⁻⁴ K/Hz^1/2，满足热控指标需求，热设计方案合理可行。

太极计划是中国探测空间引力波的一项重点任务。望远镜作为空间引力波探测中的重要组成部分，它的性能会直接影响引力波探测的精度。现有的典型空间引力波望远镜结构中次镜灵敏度高，难以满足更大口径的空间引力波望远镜对制造装调公差的要求，特别是在轨稳定性公差要求。为解决以上问题，首先，提出了一种中间像面设置于三四镜之间的新型空间引力波望远镜光学系统结构，以降低次镜灵敏度；结合高斯光学理论方法，从理论上分析并计算新型望远镜结构的初始参数。其次，通过优化设计，获得入瞳直径为400 mm，放大倍率为80倍，科学视场为±8 μrad，波前误差RMS值优于0.0063λ的望远镜光学系统。最后，建立了望远镜系统的灵敏度评价公差分配表，对比分析了现有望远镜结构与新型望远镜结构的公差情况。结果显示：相较于现有望远镜结构，新型望远镜结构的灵敏度降低了30.4%，具有低灵敏度优势，为空间引力波望远镜的设计提供了一种优选方案。

Broadband mode converters are essential devices for space-division and wavelength-division multiplexing systems. There are great challenges in the generation of higher-order modes above the third order with low loss and high mode purity employing all-fiber devices. In this paper, an all-fiber LP₄₁ mode converter is proposed and fabricated by tapering a nine-core single-mode fiber bundle. Experimental results indicate that this all-fiber LP₄₁ mode converter is low-loss, high-purity, and ultrabroadband. The insertion loss is less than 0.4 dB. The purity of odd LP₄₁ at 1310 nm is 95.09%, and the operating bandwidth exceeds 280 nm.

在空间引力波探测的超长臂干涉测量过程中，杂散光问题长期以来受到广泛关注。一方面，本地干涉仪发出的激光通过望远镜时会产生后向相干杂散光。另一方面，在轨情况下，来自空间的环境辐射入射到航天器还会产生前向非相干杂散光。一直以来，前向非相干杂散光受到的关注较少，然而却是空间引力波望远镜设计必须要考虑的因素。因此，本文对空间引力波探测望远镜在轨情况下产生的杂散光进行测量与抑制。首先，根据太极计划三星卫星编队的轨道数据对全年太阳角进行计算，对1064 nm波段附近的太阳辐射进行评估，推导了遮光罩投影函数，最终给出遮光罩设计指标。然后，对望远镜进行光学与机械建模，并对关键光学元件进行散射测量。最后，根据入射太阳光能量对到达望远镜出瞳的杂散光进行计算。结果表明：当入射光与光轴夹角为60°时，出瞳处的杂散辐射可达到3.9×10⁻¹² W，对应点源透射比为8.7×10⁻⁹，满足空间引力波探测超低杂散光的需求。

Mode purity measurement is crucial for various applications utilizing few-mode fibers and related devices. In this paper, we propose a simple and accurate method for measuring the mode purity of the output optical field in few-mode ring-core fibers (RCFs). Mode purity can be calculated solely from the outgoing intensity distribution with high precision. This method is theoretically capable of measuring the mode purity of RCFs that support orbital angular momentum modes with an infinite number of azimuthal orders and has strong applicability to various RCF types and image qualities simultaneously. We demonstrate our approach numerically and verify it experimentally in a few-mode RCF supporting four (five) mode groups at 1550 (1310) nm. A polarization test method is proposed to verify its accuracy. We believe that this straightforward and cost-effective characterization method for RCFs and RCF-based devices can promote the development of mode-division multiplexing technology and its applications.

为拓宽非晶型α-烯烃共聚物在热缩材料行业的应用，本文通过引入二聚酸型聚酰胺改性非晶型α-烯烃共聚物，采用中能电子加速器研究吸收剂量对二聚酸型聚酰胺/非晶型α-烯烃共聚物共混体系的软化点、凝胶含量、DSC特性和流变学性能的影响。结果表明：当二聚酸型聚酰胺的质量占比≤25%时，二聚酸型聚酰胺/非晶型α-烯烃共聚物共混体系呈现辐射降解特性，共混体系的软化点、储能模量G'和损耗模量G''随温度的变化曲线交点对应的温度T_j、特性黏度|η*|随吸收剂量增加而降低；在振荡变温测试过程中，相位角随吸收剂量的升高而增加，出现明显的黏弹性转变。当二聚酸型聚酰胺的质量占比≥50%时，共混体系呈现辐射交联特性，共混体系的黏弹性转变受温度的依赖程度和特性黏度|η*|受频率的依赖程度随着吸收剂量升高都减弱。

对高能量掺镱激光器进行腔外压缩，是获得高能量少数周期脉冲的重要方式。通过数值模拟研究了单脉冲能量为250 mJ，波长为1 030 nm的高能量掺镱激光器通过固体多薄片介质进行非线性脉冲压缩的过程，及介质周期、厚度对频谱展宽的影响。在优化频谱展宽条件的过程中发现，不超过介质损伤阈值的情况下，固体薄片组的周期和厚度对频谱展宽具有正向影响。通过选取合适的介质厚度及周期，激光频谱通过熔融石英介质进行展宽，最终输出的光谱带宽达229 nm，补偿色散后，激光脉冲由500 fs压缩至16.2 fs，压缩比达到30。研究结果为实现高能量激光脉冲的非线性压缩提供了理论参考。